如何学习SQL语言？

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热门回答：

sql是所有数据库查询的语言。sql由于本身结构化的特点。非常容易入手。针对不同的数据库。如mysql、sqlserver、oracle等。sql语法会有所不同。但是总体上大同小异。只是细微处的差别。

在学习的时候看视频是个不错的选择。从分析。到建库。建表。查询等。通过别人的讲解。都会一目了然的展现出来。更易于理解。更清楚；

目前用的比较多的就是MySQL了。以前学习sql 看的是“ 如鹏网 ” 的MySQL教程。挺不错的。通俗易懂。比较容易理解。具体的可以到如鹏网官网上去了解一下；http://www.rupeng.com/Courses/Index/34?lianbt（部分课程截图）

有问题随时提问。老师实时在线答疑。口碑不错。基本上都是慕名而去的。视频教程。课件。源码都是可以免费下载的。

其他观点：

掌握这50句常用SQL基本就差不多了。

建议自己在数据库建立好以下几张表。然后自己对照这些例子逐个全部试一遍。并理解透彻。

数据表准备

Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表

问题：

1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号；

select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#='001') a,(select s#,score from SC where C#='002') b where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#;

2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；

select S#,avg(score) from sc group by S# having avg(score) >60;

3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩；

select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score) from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S# group by Student.S#,Sname

4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数；

select count(distinct(Tname)) from Teacher where Tname like '李%';

5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名；

select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平');

6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名；

select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#='001'and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#='002');

7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

select S#,Sname from Student where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname='叶平'));

8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名；

Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#='002') score2 from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#='001') S_2 where score2 <score;

9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名；

select S#,Sname from Student where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where S.S#=SC.S# and score>60);

10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# group by Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course);

11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名；

select S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in select C# from SC where S#='1001';

12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名； select distinct SC.S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where S#='001');

13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩；

update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score) from SC SC_2 where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平');

14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名；

select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#='1002') group by S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where S#='1002');

15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录；

Delect SC from course ,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname='叶平';

16、向SC表中插入一些记录。这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、2、 号课的平均成绩；

Insert SC select S#,'002',(Select avg(score) from SC where C#='002') from Student where S# not in (Select S# from SC where C#='002');

17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩。按如下形式显示： 学生ID,,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分

SELECT S# as 学生ID ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='004') AS 数据库 ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='001') AS 企业管理 ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='006') AS 英语 ,COUNT(*) AS 有效课程数, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成绩 FROM SC AS t GROUP BY S# ORDER BY avg(t.score)

18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID。最高分。最低分

SELECT L.C# As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分 FROM SC L ,SC AS R WHERE L.C# = R.C# and L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score) FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S# GROUP BY IL.C#) AND R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score) FROM SC AS IR WHERE R.C# = IR.C# GROUP BY IR.C# );

21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示

SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教师ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教师姓名,C.C# AS 课程ＩＤ,MAX(C.Cname) AS 课程名称,AVG(Score) AS 平均成绩 FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T# GROUP BY C.C# ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC

22、查询如下课程成绩第 3 名到第 6 名的学生成绩单：企业管理（001）。马克思（002）。UML （003）。数据库（004） [学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩

SELECT DISTINCT top 3 SC.S# As 学生学号, Student.Sname AS 学生姓名 , T1.score AS 企业管理, T2.score AS 马克思, T3.score AS UML, T4.score AS 数据库, ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 总分 FROM Student,SC LEFT JOIN SC AS T1 ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = '001' LEFT JOIN SC AS T2 ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = '002' LEFT JOIN SC AS T3 ON SC.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = '003' LEFT JOIN SC AS T4 ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = '004' WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT TOP 15 WITH TIES ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) FROM sc LEFT JOIN sc AS T1 ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = 'k1' LEFT JOIN sc AS T2 ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = 'k2' LEFT JOIN sc AS T3 ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = 'k3' LEFT JOIN sc AS T4 ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = 'k4' ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC);

23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]

SELECT SC.C# as 课程ID, Cname as 课程名称 ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [100 - 85] ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [85 - 70] ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [70 - 60] ,SUM(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -] FROM SC,Course where SC.C#=Course.C# GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname;

24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次

SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩) FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩 FROM SC GROUP BY S# ) AS T1 WHERE 平均成绩 > T2.平均成绩) as 名次, S# as 学生学号,平均成绩 FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩 FROM SC GROUP BY S# ) AS T2 ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc;

25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)

SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数 FROM SC t1 WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score FROM SC WHERE t1.C#= C# ORDER BY score DESC ) ORDER BY t1.C#;

26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#;

27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名

select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 选课数from SC ,Studentwhere SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count(C#)=1;

28、查询男生、女生人数

Select count(Ssex) as 男生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='男'; Select count(Ssex) as 女生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='女'；

29、查询姓“张”的学生名单

SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like '张%';

30、查询同名同性学生名单。并统计同名人数

select Sname,count(*) from Student group by Sname having count(*)>1;;

31、1981年出生的学生名单(注：Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime)

select Sname, CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age from student where CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))='1981';

32、查询每门课程的平均成绩。结果按平均成绩升序排列。平均成绩相同时。按课程号降序排列

Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# DESC ;

33、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score) from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having avg(score)>85;

34、查询课程名称为“数据库”。且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数

Select Sname,isnull(score,0) from Student,SC,Course where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# and Course.Cname='数据库'and score <60;

35、查询所有学生的选课情况；

SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname FROM SC,Student,Course where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# ;

36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数；

SELECT distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score FROM student,Sc WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#;

37、查询不及格的课程。并按课程号从大到小排列

select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C# ;

38、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名；

select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# and Score>80 and C#='003';

39、求选了课程的学生人数

select count(*) from sc;

40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中。成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩

select Student.Sname,score from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where C#=C.C# );

41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数

select count(*) from sc group by C#;

42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩

select distinct A.S#,B.score from SC A ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score and A.C# <>B.C# ;

43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数 FROM SC t1 WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score FROM SC WHERE t1.C#= C# ORDER BY score DESC ) ORDER BY t1.C#;

44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过10人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数。查询结果按人数降序排列。查询结果按人数降序排列。若人数相同。按课程号升序排列

select C# as 课程号,count(*) as 人数 from sc group by C# order by count(*) desc,c#

45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

select S# from sc group by s# having count(*) > = 2

46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名

select C#,Cname from Course where C# in (select c# from sc group by c#)

47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and Tname='叶平');

48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩

select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from SC where score <60 group by S# having count(*)>2)group by S#;

49、检索“004”课程分数小于60。按分数降序排列的同学学号

select S# from SC where C#='004'and score <60 order by score desc;

50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩

delete from Sc where S#='001'and C#='001';

其他观点：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

mysql> exit

Bye

二、创建数据库

语法：CREATE DATABASE <数据库名>；

mysql> create DATABASE lemon;

三、显示数据库

语法：show databases;

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| future|

| lemon|

| mysql

| test|

| test_mysql|

+--------------------+

四、删除数据库

语法：drop database <数据库名>;

mysql> drop DATABASE test;

五、选择数据库

语法：use <数据库名>;

mysql> use lemon;

Database changed

六、创建表

语法：create table <表名> ( <字段名1> <类型1>。<字段名2> <类型2>。 ...,<字段名n> <类型n>);

create table student(

sno int(8) not null primary key auto_increment comment '学号',

sname varchar(20) NOT NULL comment '姓名',

ssex varchar(4) NOT NULL comment '性别',

sclass int(8) NOT NULL comment '班级',

sage int(4) NOT NULL comment '年龄'

)DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

七、显示数据表

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_test |

+----------------+

| student |

| student1 |

+----------------+

九、删除表

语法：drop table <表名>;

mysql> drop table student;

十、插入表数据

语法：insert into <表名> ( 字段名1,字段名2,...字段名N)

values

( 值1, 值2,...值N );

insert into student (sno,sname,ssex,sclass,sage) values (6301,'柠檬','女',20190163,18);

insert into student (sname,ssex,sclass,sage)

values

('毛毛','女',20190163,20),('大大','女',20190163,22);

十一、修改表数据

语法：update 表名 set 字段名1= 新值1,字段名2=新值2, … where 条件表达式1 and(or) 条件表达式2 …;

update student set ssex = '男' where sname = '毛毛';

十二、查询单表数据

语法：select 字段名1,字段名2,… from <表名> where 条件表达式1 and(or) 条件表达式2 … ;

select * from student where ssex = '女' and sage > 20;

select sname from student where ssex = '女' or sage > 20;

select sname from student where ssex = '女' or sage > 20 limit 0,2;

十三、查询多表关联数据

语法：

1、关联查询：select 字段名1,… from 表名1,表名2,…where 关联条件表达式 and 过滤条件表达式 …;

2、等值连接：select 字段名1,… from 表名1 inner join 表名2 on 关联条件表达式 and 过滤条件表达式… ;

3、左连接：select 字段名1,… from 表名1 left join 表名2 on 关联条件表达式 and 过滤条件表达式… ;

4、右连接：select 字段名1,… from 表名1 right join 表名2 on 关联条件表达式 and 过滤条件表达式… ;

SELECT * FROM `user`, user_lover WHERE `user`.id = user_lover.u_id;

SELECT * FROM `user`INNER JOIN user_lover on `user`.id = user_lover.u_id;

SELECT * FROM `user`LEFT JOIN user_lover on `user`.id = user_lover.u_id;

SELECT * FROM `user` RIGHT JOIN user_lover on `user`.id = user_lover.u_id;

十四、删除表数据

语法：delete from 表名 where 条件1 and(or) 条件2……;

delete from student where sage < 18;

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